With housing so expensive in NYC, it’s not surprising that many people are turning to fixer-uppers as an option. Buying a property that requires a little TLC is a great way to get square footage or a more desirable location at a lower price than a turn-key home. However, they tend to come with a lot of hardships, as anyone who’s seen a few episodes of HGTV will know. This is especially so if you’re envisioning doing a gut renovation. This will be a daunting task, and one that’s sure to test the patience of anyone.
Even a property in need of just a few months’ work can also be pretty stressful. As such, it helps to know what you’re getting yourself into. If you’ve got your heart set on this then here’s what how to go about buying a fixer-upper.
First Off, Should You Buy a Fixer-Upper?
Buying and renovating a fixer-upper can be a great opportunity. But if you fail to plan right, miss a few red flags, or get into more than you planned for, then your project can become the stuff of nightmares. Stop for a moment and consider whether or not you should buy a fixer-upper. It might also be a good idea to discuss the matter with a financial planner before doing anything else. At the very least, you should only consider buying a property in need of some TLC if:
- You can put up with waiting as much as a year for the project to be complete
- You have enough savings for a down payment and renovation costs
- The cash you have now isn’t enough to buy a move-in property in your preferred neighborhood
- You’re a patient person and can put up with delays and unplanned hiccups
Much of this will depend on what your vision is. Are you looking for a dilapidated townhouse that you can pick up for a song and do an extensive gut renovation on? Or are you just looking for something that only requires a little DIY that could be finished by yourself and a licensed contractor in a few months? Ask yourself this before proceeding as much will depend on your answer.
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Phase One: Getting Started
If you’re sure that buying a fixer-upper is the right decision, then take these steps to get the ball rolling. There will be a lot to consider ahead, so the more research and planning you can do the easier your search, purchase, and renovation will go.
1. Contact a buyer’s agent and assemble an A-Team
Purchasing real estate in New York is difficult enough as it is. But for a project of this scope, you’ll need a full team of experts to handle all the difficulties ahead.
Your first task should be to hire a reputable buyer’s agent. They should have experience with purchasing fixer-uppers and be very familiar with your preferred neighborhood(s). Make sure to interview each agent to ensure they’re a right fit for the job and are someone you can get along with. A good agent should be able to display a thorough understanding of the laws and regulations you may have to face, be able to suggest potential neighborhoods that suit your needs and show a willingness to listen to your concerns and questions. Once you’ve found the right agent for the job, you’ll be asked to sign an agency disclosure form. This will officially make you their client.
Architects
If you’re envisioning a full gut renovation, then you’ll also need an architect. Having an architect by your side will be crucial when you’re evaluating different properties. They can point out the potential in a place, identify red-flags, and give you a rough estimate of how long or expensive a renovation might be.
Contractors
If you’re only looking for a place in need of just a little TLC, then you can probably get away with a licensed contractor. They’ll be able to evaluate costs and problems just as well as an architect. However, if what you eventually buy requires layout changes, then you’ll want to hire an architect to help with the planning. The sooner you can involve an architect in the planning; the better any renovation project will go.
If you don’t know where to start with finding an architect or contractor, then ask your buyer’s agent for recommendations. They should have a list of licensed professionals that they can vouch for and may even have worked with before. Vet them just as closely as you vetted your buyer’s agent. You’ll be working very closely with this person for some time, so you’ll need the right one for the job.
Real Estate Attornies
Lastly, you’ll need a real estate attorney. They’ll be needed to handle all the legal documents and conduct due diligence on a property once you’re in contract. Fixer-uppers are, by definition, sold in as-is condition. There may be issues with it that require review.
2. Decide on what type of property you’re looking for
What type of property are you looking for? NYC has a range of different properties to choose from. There are condo, co-op, and pre-war apartments, townhouses, and single-family apartments to choose from. Co-ops make up the majority of NYC real estate (about 75%), but they may present difficulties with renovating. Most co-op boards have very strict rules on renovations, which will limit what you can do. Condo boards will also have rules and regulations on renovations but not to the degree that co-ops do.
Townhouse’s present the least problems with a renovation project as there will be no limit on what you can do. Based on your needs and budget, your agent will help you decide which property type suits you best.
3. Determine what your preferred neighborhoods are
The neighborhood you choose to live in will have a big impact on your lifestyle. Depending on your preferred lifestyle, your place of work, and your budget, your agent will help you narrow down a list of potential neighborhoods. Even if you have your heart set on a particular one, it’s still worth having a backup list. Certain neighborhoods will be hotbeds for finding fixer-uppers, most of which will be outlying neighborhoods that are undergoing heavy gentrification.
Keep an open mind and do your research into each potential neighborhood. It also helps a great deal if your agent has experience with buying properties in your preferred neighborhood.
4. Get pre-approved for a mortgage and inquire about a 203(k) loan
If you’re financing, then you’ll want to get yourself pre-approved for a mortgage. This is a crucial first step whenever you’re buying a property. It lets sellers know that you’re a serious buyer. It also tells you what you can expect to borrow and, therefore, your budget. Doing this early on will also inform you of any problems that you may have to resolve before receiving a loan.
A loan officer will examine your credit report, income, assets, and liabilities. How intensely the loan officer verifies your information will vary. Be honest and provide all documentation required. You’re only wasting yours and other peoples time by holding back on anything. Once you’ve been approved, you’ll receive a preapproval letter stating the amount you’ve been approved for.
Since your planning to do renovations later, you should inquire about a 203(k) loan. This is a type of renovation loan that is designed specifically for people buying fixer-uppers. Getting one will provide you with funds to buy your new home and pay for renovations. These loans aren’t difficult to get, but there is a limit on how much you can borrow depending on the price of the property.
You could also choose to get a conventional loan and take out a construction loan later to pay for the renovations. If you chose this option, then be prepared to pay a half-point or so more then you did for your mortgage. Very few lenders offer these types of loans, and they come with very specific requirements. At most, the bank will fund 75% of the renovation. This money will be parceled out in five phases. An appraiser will have to evaluate the progress made at each stage before releasing more cash.
Phase Two: Finding and Evaluating a Home to Purchase
Now that you have everything in place, you can begin your search. Your agent will begin looking for properties that match your needs and are within your budget. Keep in mind that it’s rare to find a property that fills all your needs and wants so you’ll need to be a little flexible if you ever what to find a home. Once your agent has a list of potential properties for you to consider they’ll arrange for a private viewing. Bring your architect/contractor with you as their advice will be invaluable when deciding if a property is right for you. Below are the main steps you’ll need to take.
1. Do a walkthrough of the property with your architect/contractor
Depending on the state of the property, it might only need a little nip-and-tuck or an extensive gut renovation. Your architect/contractor will be able to point out potential problems as well as opportunities. They can point out things you might have missed before and, provide a rough estimate of how difficult and costly a renovation would be. Try to price out every possible expense. Theoretically, everything is fixable, but it has to fit your budget.
You’ll also want to think about the timeframe. Depending on how much work is needed, you could be waiting anywhere from a few months to a year before you’re ready to move in. Most major renovations take at least a year and typically go over schedule (not to mention budget). Consider all of this before making an offer. It can also be very hard to properly estimate the costs of renovating a fixer-upper until work begins. Unexpected problems are as common as delays when doing a renovation. Whatever you expect the job to cost, make sure you have a reserve fund to act as a cushion.
If your envisioning yourself doing some DIY work to save on costs, then now might be the time to get a few DIY books. You might be surprised to learn that you can handle a lot of things on your own. Just make sure you know what you’re getting yourself into. Also, recognize when you’ll need to hire professionals, which will be when working on anything that involves, electrical, plumbing, or HVAC.
2. Keep an eye out for red flags
Fixer-uppers, especially in older buildings, tend to come with several problems when doing a modern renovation. There’s almost nothing that can’t be fixed, but you need to square that with your budget and ask whether any major changes are worth the hassle. Consider it a red flag if:
- The property has an old electrical panel – Installing new electrical circuits is far from cheap. Even if you can update the system, you can still run into serious limitations on how many wiring changes you can make. For instance, the current system might not make it possible to add as many outlets as you need. If in doubt, have an electrical contractor evaluate the system first.
- The layout doesn’t work for your lifestyle – Layout changes are certainly possible, but they come with limitations. In townhouses, certain walls can’t be demolished since they’re load bearing the whole structure. Even in apartments, you can run into problems as many walls can contain chases and mechanicals. Make sure to ask the buildings super about the location of the risers. If you can keep the existing layout, then you’ll run into fewer problems.
3. Pay attention to the kitchen and bathroom(s)
Kitchens and bathrooms are some of the most expensive areas to renovate. A brand-new kitchen can cost $40,000-$50,000 on the low end and $100,000+ on the high-end. To save on costs, look for kitchens where you can make some cosmetic changes but keep the general layout. The same goes for bathroom remodels, which can be done for a little or a whole lot if you go for a full gut job. Labor tends to eat up most of the costs with materials encompassing the balance.
Still, these will be some of the most important areas of the home, so it’s worth spending extra to make them look their best. A high value bathroom-kitchen remodel can significantly raise the market value of a property. Talk this all through with your architect/contractor to get a sense of what you want, what you can do, and what it will cost.
4. Ask yourself if the costs of a renovation are worth it
If the home is well within your budget, then you may consider purchasing it as you’ll have more money left to put into the renovation. But first, stop to think about how much work will be needed. From your walkthroughs with your architect/contractor, you should have a rough idea of the potential costs. Add this number to the listing price and see how it compares with similar properties in the neighborhood. Don’t forget to include contractor fees into this equation. You’ll find that some properties aren’t worth it. If the renovation costs are extensive, then that low listing price won’t look so low anymore.
5. Ask about the building’s requirements for a renovation
Depending on the type of property you’re buying, you may be bound by certain limitations and requirements when renovating. If it’s a co-op or condo, then ask the board about the buildings renovation policies. These rules can place extreme limits on the type of work you can do and when you can do it. If you’re looking at a single-family or a townhouse, then you’ll have no board to answer to. However, depending on the scope of your project (like major layout changes) you might require approval from the Department of Buildings.
6. Have your attorney check for a Certificate of Occupancy
When looking at townhouses, have your attorney check if it has a Certificate of Occupancy. This will state whether the Department of Buildings considers the property a one-family or multi-family dwelling. If it’s later, then you’ll have to spend as much as $35,000 to reclassify it. If there’s no C of O, you’ll need an expediter or contractor to file the paperwork, a process that can take months. Failing to do this will mean you’ll be living there illegally, and you’ll never get the signoffs to do renovations.
7. Acquire a Certificate of Non-Harassment if the property has been a rental
If the property was a rental, then you’ll need a Certificate of Non-Harassment from the Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD). This is to attest that no tenants were forced out to make room for the sale. If you don’t have one, then you’ll need to go to the HPD and look up old leases. Even if the property has been vacant for years, there may still be tenants that retain rights to live in the building. The last thing you’ll want is to start renovations and suddenly have people show up who have a right to live there.
Phase Three: Buying the Property
Once you’ve found a property that looks right, make an offer and move towards the closing day. This phase is much the same as buying a property in any condition. However, the type of property your buying might require a few extra steps. For instance, if it’s a co-op, then you’ll need to put together a board package and conduct a co-op board interview. For this example, we’ll be going through the typical buying process for a condo, single-family, or townhouse.
1. Make an offer and sign a contract of sale
Your real estate agent can advise you on an offer price and represent you in negotiations. Most fixer-uppers are priced to reflect the fact that they need some work. Listing agents usually advise sellers to price the property based on the needed renovation costs. However, that doesn’t mean that sellers always listen. A good way of determining a fair offer price is to determine the market value of the property (if it was in new condition) and subtract the upgrade and repair costs.
If you reach an agreement, then a purchase contract will be drawn up and signed. Make sure you insist on a home inspection contingency. Older properties in a bad state of repair may have more extensive problems that are not as easy to spot. The inspection contingency will allow you a way out of the deal if more extensive problems are later found. Once both parties have signed the sale is now official, and things can move to the next phase.
2. Have your attorney conduct due diligence
This process usually takes about two weeks and involves your attorney checking the property for any liens and doing a title search. If any issues are found, they will need to be handled before the deal can proceed. For instance, if there’s a problem with the title, then the seller may not be the rightful owner. This could mean not being able to get title insurance, which will put a stop to any mortgage application.
If any liens are found, then you should ask the seller to pay these off before proceeding with the sale. This can be a tough balancing act because the seller might need the proceeds from the sale to pay off the liens. Purchasing a property with outstanding liens can leave you with the responsibility to pay them off. Any violations from the DOB can also be a deal killer. If anything was installed without proper planning permission, you mightn’t be able to get title insurance or a mortgage. You may also be left with the responsibility to pay for removing any illegal installations. Take care of all this before proceeding any further or renegotiate the deal.
3. Get a home inspection
While the attorney is conducting their due diligence, you should arrange for the home inspection. This is typically paid by the buyer and usually costs a few hundred dollars. Do not cheapen out here or forgo the inspection entirely. You won’t know what the real state of the property is like until the inspection has been made.
Any property with extensive defects such as roofing or electrical can lead to the insurance company not approving your loan. It can also land you with a property that can become a money pit. If major issues are found, your buyer’s agent can renegotiate the deal for a reduced price. But if the problems are too severe, then you can exit the deal without legal penalty.
4. Submit your loan application for a mortgage
Once you have a contract of sale, you should start the mortgage application process. On average, this process usually takes about 30 days. If you already received pre-approval, then you’ve already taken the first step. Next, an underwriter will thoroughly examine all your financial documents to determine if you’re liable for your chosen mortgage plan. If you already included everything required when getting preapproved, then you’ll already have all these documents in order. You may be asked for further documentation if anything is found that needs clarification. An appraisal of the property will also be conducted to check that its value matches the requested loan amount.
If everything matches up with what you gave the loan officer when getting reapproved, then the loan will be approved. You’ll receive your loan commitment letter and can now move towards closing the sale.
5. Schedule a closing day
With your loan commitment letter in hand, you can now schedule a closing day for the purchase. This will be worked out by both attorneys. It usually takes about a few weeks to find a date that suits everyone. A final walk-through of the property will be conducted to ensure it’s still in the condition you last saw it in. Once all documents are reviewed and signed, the sellers get their check, and you get the keys to your new home.
Final Thoughts
With the property now yours you can now begin planning for the renovations. If you’ve done all your planning and preparation before then, you should already know what lies ahead. If you’re going for a gut renovation, then you can start drawing up plans with your architect. This is an extensive project and is a full subject in its own right. See our article on renovating a brownstone to get an idea of this part. Whatever your budget is, remember to have an extra 5-10% of that to cover extra costs that might come up. The larger you can make this reserve fund, the less difficult choices you’ll have to make.
If your new home requires a few months of repairs and upgrades from a contractor, then you have a smaller job on your hands. Still, you should plan it all out thoroughly and prepare yourself for what will be a stressful few months. Start practicing those DIY skills as well if you plan to get involved as well.
